Singh, P., Harris, P.C., Sas, D.J. et al. The genetics of kidney stone disease and nephrocalcinosis. Nat Rev Nephrol18, 224–240 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-021-00513-4
This study discusses the high prevalence of kidney stones (≈10% of the adult world population) and the changing epidemiology.
Kidney stone formation has resulted in an imbalance of crystallization inhibitors and promoters, and calcium-containing stones account for more than 80% of stones. Despite this information, in most patients the underlying etiology is thought to be multifactorial, with environmental, dietary, hormonal, and genetic features.
